Review Article
نویسندگان
چکیده
Three great plague pandemics caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis have killed nearly 200 million people and it has been linked to biowarfare in the past. Plague is endemic in many parts of the world. In addition, the risk of plague as a bioweapon has prompted increased research to develop plague vaccines against this disease. Injectable subunit vaccines are being developed in the United States and United Kingdom. However, the live attenuated Y. pestis-EV NIIEG strain has been used as a vaccine for more than 70 years in the former Soviet Union and in some parts of Asia and provides a high degree of efficacy against plague. This vaccine has not gained general acceptance because of safety concerns. In recent years, modern molecular biological techniques have been applied to Y. pestis to construct strains with specific defined mutations designed to create safe, immunogenic vaccines with potential for use in humans and as bait vaccines to reduce the load of Y. pestis in the environment. In addition, a number of live, vectored vaccines have been reported using attenuated viral vectors or attenuated Salmonella strains to deliver plague antigens. Here we summarize the progress of live attenuated vaccines against
منابع مشابه
Tips and tricks in writing review article.
Review article or literature review actually is the simplest form of writing compared to a case report or study report. The writing process begins at pointing out topics to be written and informed to readers. The next step after the topic has been selected is to find literatures related to the article review writing. Principally, article writing plays an essential part in a doctor's life, wheth...
متن کاملWhy review articles on the health effects of passive smoking reach different conclusions.
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the conclusions of review articles on the health effects of passive smoking are associated with article quality, the affiliations of their authors, or other article characteristics. DATA SOURCES Review articles published from 1980 to 1995 were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE and from a database of symposium proceedings on passive smo...
متن کاملNon-pathogenic Protozoa (review Article)
Full Proceeding Paper NON-PATHOGENIC PROTOZOA (REVIEW ARTICLE)
متن کاملA systematic review of the role of community pharmacies in improving the transition from secondary to primary care Authors and affiliations:
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/bcp.12718 which has been published in final form...
متن کاملUtility of blood pressure monitoring outside of the clinic setting.
and Article Review Process Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied at each of three levels of review (two levels of abstract review, then article review). Inclusion criteria became more stringent at each level. The titles and abstracts were reviewed for each article identified. During the abstract review process, emphasis was placed on identifying all articles that may possibly h...
متن کاملcultural-competence training in community-based rehabilitation settings; critique study methods, describe clinical outcomes, and make recommendations for future research. Background: A review of the effectiveness of cultural-competence training for health professionals in community-based rehabilitation
review Titles and abstracts of articles identified were screened by two reviewers independently for full-article review. If the title or abstract did not provide sufficient information, the full article was retrieved for review. If the two reviewers disagreed, the item was reviewed by the third reviewer and if no agreement was reached, the full article was retrieved.
متن کامل